Arbeitskräftemobilität von Akademikern: am Beispiel von Ungarn

Absztrakt (kivonat)

Since the opening of the EU labour market the migration of young graduates to Great Britain, Germany and Austria poses a challenge to the Hungarian economy. In most cases this issue (mostly described as “Brain Drain”) is considered very critical. Against the background of this one-dimensional assessment the aim of this work is to point out that the current situation is much more complex. The evaluation is based partly on the results of a questionnaire and partly on the overview concerning the literature on the subject. This research paper deals with the various factors that have an impact on migration, and also with the question to what extend the emigration process is connected to the participation of university students in the Erasmus program. The target group of the questionnaire were Hungarian students of Economics who over the course of their studies participated or participate in the Erasmus program. The formulated hypotheses were related to the causes of emigration and they were tested by a binary logistic regression. The analysis revealed several findings. The first result obviously shows that emigration is encouraged by an outlook on better professional development perspectives abroad. The second result revealed that gained knowledge during the Erasmus program was considered to be more useful when used on the Hungarian labour market rather than on foreign labour markets. The third result indicates that the lack of financial assets, the low level of language skills and apart from that cultural differences had no significant impact on the employment abroad. According to the last result almost one third of the students working abroad consider to return to Hungary. It is a clear cut proof of the complexity of the knowledge transfer process.